公路交通是社會發展和國防的重要保障。截2023年末，我國公路總里程已達到544萬。隨著我國公路網絡建設日漸完善，未來公路建設強度將逐步下降，養護需求將快速上升。

　　Highway transportation is an important guarantee for social development and national defense security. As of the end of 2023, the total length of highways in China has reached 5.44 million kilometers. With the gradual improvement of China's highway network construction, the intensity of highway construction will gradually decrease in the future, and the demand for maintenance will rapidly increase.

　　新時代公路養護技術與裝備的發展需求

　　The development needs of highway maintenance technology and equipment in the new era

　　根據交通運輸部數據，我國公路養護里程逐年增長，養護比例高達99.9%。

　　According to data from the Ministry of Transport, the maintenance mileage of highways in China has been increasing year by year, with a maintenance ratio of up to 99.9%.

　　養護工程需求

　　Maintenance engineering requirements

　　我國公路已進入養護時代，需要綜合維護路面、橋梁、隧道等各類設施，公路養護財政支出每年約為1.2萬億元。隨著公路養護市場需求的持續增長，各類養護工程對公路養護裝備的需求也將隨之增長。

　　China's highways have entered the era of comprehensive maintenance, requiring comprehensive maintenance of various facilities such as road surfaces, bridges, tunnels, etc. The annual fiscal expenditure on highway maintenance is about 1.2 trillion yuan. With the continuous growth of demand in the highway maintenance market, the demand for highway maintenance equipment in various maintenance projects will also increase accordingly.

　　圖片

　　Picture

　　▲我國公路基本組成分布圖

　　▲ Distribution Map of Basic Components of Highways in China

　　生態環境保護戰略需求

　　National ecological environment protection strategy needs

　　公路大中修產生的廢舊瀝青混合料已造成嚴重的環境污染。隨著養護時代的到來，以及全球日漸加劇的環境保護壓力，如何合理處置這些廢舊建筑材料成為亟待解決的重要課題。從戰略層面提出綠色發展要求，行業推出加快加大廢舊材料循環利用的政策措施，推動相關技術與裝備發展。

　　The waste asphalt mixture generated during the major and medium repairs of highways has caused serious environmental pollution. With the advent of the era of comprehensive maintenance and the increasing global pressure on environmental protection, how to properly dispose of these waste building materials has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. The country has put forward green development requirements at the strategic level, and the industry has introduced policies and measures to accelerate and increase the recycling of waste materials, promoting the development of related technologies and equipment.

　　目前，國內外普遍采用再生技術實現廢舊公路材料的循環利用，雖然已經取得很大成效，但是還有較大發展空間，現有再生裝備也亟需升級換代。快速發展的養護需求，將使由運輸車輛底盤改裝而來的養護機械裝備大量增加，其運行排放對環境的影響也不容忽視。隨著逐步實現“雙碳”目標，新能源技術應運而生。采用新能源電池、氫能源驅動，已成為發展趨勢。

　　At present, recycling technology is widely used both domestically and internationally to achieve the recycling of waste road materials. Although significant progress has been made, there is still considerable room for development, and existing recycling equipment urgently needs to be upgraded and replaced. The rapidly developing maintenance demand will lead to a significant increase in maintenance machinery and equipment modified from transport vehicle chassis, and the impact of their operational emissions on the environment cannot be ignored. As the country gradually achieves its "dual carbon" goals, new energy technologies have emerged. The adoption of new energy batteries and hydrogen energy drive has become a development trend.

　　圖片

　　Picture

　　▲復合有機水硬性材料半柔性路面攤鋪機

　　▲ Composite organic hydraulic material semi flexible pavement paver

　　構建現代公路養護體系需求

　　The demand for building a modern highway maintenance system

　　加快構建現代公路養護體系，推行養護決策科學化、養護管理制度化、養護工程精準化、養護生產綠色化，是公路養護事業的發展方向，也是公路交通轉型升級、服務交通強國的必由之路。

　　Accelerating the construction of a modern highway maintenance system, promoting scientific maintenance decision-making, institutionalized maintenance management, precise maintenance engineering, and green maintenance production is the development direction of the highway maintenance industry, as well as the necessary path for the transformation and upgrading of highway transportation and the service of a strong transportation country.

　　現代公路養護體系要求養護技術綠色化，養護裝備智能化、系列化、多功能和配套集成化，養護施工。現有技術與裝備很多還屬于傳統設計理念范疇的產物，與現代公路養護體系的要求尚有較大差距。

　　The modern highway maintenance system requires green maintenance technology, intelligent, serialized, multifunctional and integrated maintenance equipment, and energy-saving and environmentally friendly maintenance construction. Many existing technologies and equipment are still products of traditional design concepts, and there is still a significant gap between them and the requirements of modern highway maintenance systems.

　　因此，公路養護技術與裝備的更新換代已成為構建現代公路養護體系的重要內容，也是深化交通強國戰略的迫切需求。其在加快建設交通強國、推動交通運輸行業高質量發展及服務構建新發展格局等方面，具有促進投資和消費的積極作用。

　　Therefore, the upgrading of highway maintenance technology and equipment has become an important part of building a modern highway maintenance system and an urgent need to deepen the national strategy of building a strong transportation country. It plays a positive role in promoting investment and consumption in accelerating the construction of a strong transportation country, promoting high-quality development of the transportation industry, and building a new development pattern for services.

　　公路養護裝備的主要類型

　　The main types of highway maintenance equipment

　　公路養護裝備根據公路交通行業特點可以分為非道路移動機械裝備、車輛底盤改裝裝備（道路行駛機械）及道路應急裝備，主要應用于道路的日常養護、預防性養護與路面重建等。根據使用特點可以分為移動式作業裝備、固定作業裝備和便攜工器具（小型）三大類。

　　Highway maintenance equipment can be divided into non road mobile machinery equipment, vehicle chassis modification equipment (road driving machinery), and road emergency equipment according to the characteristics of the highway transportation industry. It is mainly used for daily maintenance, preventive maintenance, and road surface reconstruction of roads. According to their usage characteristics, they can be divided into three categories: mobile work equipment, fixed work equipment, and portable tools (small).

　　非道路移動機械裝備

　　Non road mobile machinery and equipment

　　銑刨機 銑刨機主要用于去除受損或老化的路面材料，為鋪設新的路面準備良好的基礎，也用于路面拉毛，增強路面抗滑性。在高速公路、國省干線公路等老化瀝青路面的銑刨修復中使用頻次較高。隨著公路網的不斷擴展和路面老化，銑刨機在路面養護工程中的應用越來越廣泛。

　　Milling machine is mainly used to remove damaged or aged pavement materials, prepare a good foundation for laying new pavement, and also used for road surface roughening to enhance the skid resistance of the pavement. It is frequently used in milling and repairing aging asphalt pavements on highways, national and provincial trunk roads, etc. With the continuous expansion of the highway network and the aging of the road surface, the application of milling machines in road maintenance engineering is becoming increasingly widespread.

　　路面再生裝備 瀝青路面再生技術與裝備是《和公路水路交通中長期科技發展規劃（2006—2020）》的內容，再生瀝青混合料再生技術分為5種，分別是廠拌熱再生、廠拌冷再生、就地熱再生、就地冷再生和全深式冷再生。

　　Asphalt pavement regeneration technology and equipment are key contents of the "National and Long term Science and Technology Development Plan for Highway and Waterway Transportation (2006-2020)". There are five types of asphalt mixture regeneration technologies, namely factory mixed hot regeneration, factory mixed cold regeneration, on-site hot regeneration, on-site cold regeneration, and full depth cold regeneration.

　　路面再生裝備分為廠拌再生裝備和就地再生裝備。廠拌再生技術與裝備已比較成熟，就地再生技術與裝備仍有較大更新空間。

　　Road recycling equipment is divided into factory mixed recycling equipment and on-site recycling equipment. The factory mixed recycling technology and equipment are relatively mature, and there is still a lot of room for updating the on-site recycling technology and equipment.

　　就地冷再生機將舊路面材料銑刨并摻配新材料完成再生利用，可減少新材料的使用。路面再生機能夠實現瀝青路面材料的就地再利用，符合我國推行的循環經濟和綠色發展理念。

　　The on-site cold recycling machine grinds and mixes old pavement materials with new materials to achieve recycling, which can reduce the use of new materials. The road surface recycling machine can achieve on-site reuse of asphalt pavement materials, which is in line with China's promotion of circular economy and green development concepts.

　　就地熱再生裝備包含紅外加熱裝備、熱風加熱裝備、微波加熱裝備和攤鋪機等。就地熱再生技術由于可100%利用瀝青路面舊料、對交通干擾小等優點廣泛應用于瀝青路面養護工程中。我國熱風微波復合加熱就地熱再生成套技術與裝備處于國際水平，基于“5G＋北斗系統”的熱再生機群無人駕駛技術，實現了全球首例高速公路半封閉場景下的無人化施工技術及示范應用。

　　Local thermal regeneration equipment includes infrared heating equipment, hot air heating equipment, microwave heating equipment, and pavers. The in-situ thermal regeneration technology is widely used in asphalt pavement maintenance projects due to its advantages of 100% utilization of old asphalt pavement materials and minimal traffic interference. The complete set of technology and equipment for hot air microwave composite heating and in-situ thermal regeneration in China is at the international leading level. Based on the unmanned driving technology of the "5G+Beidou system" thermal regeneration fleet, it has achieved the world's first unmanned construction technology and demonstration application in a semi enclosed highway scenario.

　　攤鋪機 攤鋪機可分為熱瀝青攤鋪機和冷拌冷鋪攤鋪機。

　　Pavers can be divided into hot asphalt pavers and cold mix and cold spread pavers.

　　熱瀝青攤鋪機是用于鋪筑瀝青混合料和其他級配材料的專用機械，將拌制好的瀝青混合料（瀝青混凝土或黑色粒料）按一定的技術要求（厚度和橫截面形狀）均勻地攤鋪在已整好的路基或基層上。熱瀝青攤鋪機是一種技術較為成熟的施工裝備，多用于新建路面施工，也用于瀝青路面熱再生攤鋪。

　　Hot asphalt paver is a specialized machinery used for laying asphalt mixture and other graded materials. It evenly spreads the mixed asphalt mixture (asphalt concrete or black granular material) on the already prepared roadbed or base layer according to certain technical requirements (thickness and cross-sectional shape). Hot asphalt paver is a relatively mature construction equipment, mainly used for new road construction and also for hot recycling paving of asphalt pavement.

　　冷拌冷鋪攤鋪機是常溫狀態下將乳化瀝青、水泥、集料（或者再生瀝青混合料）和水按一定配比輸送拌和器，經強制拌和形成復合有機水硬性材料，并將之攤鋪成為新的半柔性路面的一種新型公路養護裝備。主要應用于復合有機水硬性材料半柔性路面攤鋪和路面改性鋪裝（該技術可以實現再生瀝青混合料100%的循環利用），是一種低碳的公路養護裝備。

　　Cold mixing and cold paving machine is a new type of highway maintenance equipment that transports emulsified asphalt, cement, aggregate (or recycled asphalt mixture) and water in a certain ratio to a mixer at room temperature, and forms a composite organic hydraulic material through forced mixing, which is then paved into a new semi flexible pavement. It is mainly used for semi flexible pavement paving and pavement modification paving of composite organic hydraulic materials (this technology can achieve 100% recycling of recycled asphalt mixture), and is an environmentally friendly and low-carbon highway maintenance equipment.

　　車輛底盤改裝裝備

　　Vehicle chassis modification equipment

　　路面清掃車 路面清掃車用于清理路面上的灰塵、砂石及其他雜物，可保持道路清潔度，不僅提高了道路行駛的視覺美感，還降低了因路面碎屑、雜物造成車輛打滑或損傷的風險。路面清掃車在高速公路、國省干線公路及城區道路上使用頻次較高。

　　Road sweepers are used to clean dust, sand, gravel, and other debris on the road surface, maintaining road cleanliness. They not only improve the visual aesthetics of road driving, but also reduce the risk of vehicle slippage or damage caused by road debris and debris. Road sweepers are frequently used on highways, national and provincial trunk roads, and urban roads.

　　封層車 目前使用的表面封層技術有同步碎石封層、霧封層、稀漿封層（微表處）、薄層攤鋪等。其中同步封層技術應用廣泛，霧封層和稀漿封層次之。同步碎石封層車采用普通載貨汽車底盤搭載專用上裝，實現一層瀝青和一層碎石同步撒布施工。瀝青灑布車是霧封層施工的專用裝備，是一種灑布乳化瀝青、稀釋瀝青、熱瀝青、熱改性瀝青及各種黏合劑的施工裝備。

　　The surface sealing technologies currently used by sealing vehicles include synchronous gravel sealing, mist sealing, slurry sealing (micro surface), and thin layer paving. Among them, synchronous sealing technology is the most widely used, followed by mist sealing and slurry sealing layers. The synchronous gravel sealing vehicle adopts a common cargo truck chassis equipped with a dedicated upper cover, achieving synchronous spreading construction of one layer of asphalt and one layer of gravel. Asphalt distribution truck is a specialized equipment for fog sealing layer construction, which is a construction equipment for spraying emulsified asphalt, diluted asphalt, hot asphalt, heat modified asphalt and various adhesives.

　　稀漿封層（微表處）主要用來處理道路表面裂縫、車轍和摩阻力下降等病害，以提高路面的防水性和抗滑性，改善路面平整度和行車舒適性，從而達到“返老還新”的效果。該封層裝備可廣泛應用于普通稀漿封層、改性稀漿封層（微表處）的施工工藝中。

　　The slurry seal layer (micro surface) is mainly used to treat road surface cracks, ruts, and reduced friction, in order to improve the waterproof and anti-skid properties of the road surface, improve road smoothness and driving comfort, and achieve the effect of "returning old and new". This sealing equipment can be widely used in the construction process of ordinary slurry sealing and modified slurry sealing (micro surface).

　　公路應急搶險裝備 公路應急搶險裝備應用較多的主要有高空作業車和防撞護欄安裝裝備。高空作業車是保障檢修人員作業的高空工作平臺，是確保交通設施正常運行，維持交通系統順暢和運行的關鍵裝備。防撞護欄安裝裝備專門用于安裝和維護公路上的防撞護欄，利用該裝備施工可提高作業效率和性。

　　The main applications of highway emergency rescue equipment include high-altitude work vehicles and anti-collision guardrail installation equipment. A high-altitude work platform is a crucial equipment for ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel during their work, ensuring the normal operation of transportation facilities, and maintaining the smooth and safe operation of the transportation system. The anti-collision guardrail installation equipment is specifically designed for installing and maintaining anti-collision guardrails on highways. Using this equipment for construction can improve work efficiency and safety.

　　小型便攜式工具

　　Small portable tools

　　小型便攜式工具類養護機械品種較多，其中標線機、裂縫修補機使用較為普遍。標線機能夠精準地完成標線施工，在道路上噴涂各種交通標線，提高行車性。裂縫修補機主要用于填補和密封路面上的裂縫，通過及時修補裂縫，可以防止水和雜質滲入路面結構，避免進一步損壞道路。

　　There are many types of small portable tool maintenance machinery, among which marking machines and crack repair machines are commonly used. The marking machine can accurately complete the marking construction, spray various traffic markings on the road, and improve driving safety. The crack repair machine is mainly used to fill and seal cracks on the road surface. By repairing cracks in a timely manner, it can prevent water and impurities from infiltrating the road structure and avoid further damage to the road.

　　公路養護裝備更新的方向、類型和意義

　　The direction, types, and significance of updating highway maintenance equipment

　　我國公路養護裝備更新的方向是向智能化和數字化發展，遵照循環經濟和導向，積極實現國產化和自主創新。從目前公路養護裝備的品類來看，非道路移動機械裝備和車輛底盤改裝裝備擁有相對較大的更新空間。

　　The direction of updating highway maintenance equipment in China is towards intelligent and digital development, following the guidance of circular economy and environmental protection, actively achieving localization and independent innovation. From the current category of highway maintenance equipment, non road mobile machinery equipment and vehicle chassis modification equipment have relatively large room for updates.

　　公路養護裝備更新方向

　　Update direction of highway maintenance equipment

　　智能化和數字化 隨著科技的進步，我國公路養護裝備正在向智能化和數字化方向發展。“十四五”規劃強調交通基礎設施數字化轉型，推動智能裝備的研發和應用，旨在提高公路養護管理的科技含量。

　　With the advancement of technology, China's highway maintenance equipment is developing towards intelligence and digitization. The national "14th Five Year Plan" emphasizes the digital transformation of transportation infrastructure, promotes the research and application of intelligent equipment, and aims to improve the technological content of highway maintenance and management.

　　循環經濟和導向 再生技術與裝備的應用，支持道路材料循環使用。“十四五”規劃提到通過綠色養護工程和材料的使用，實現可持續發展，對養護裝備的性能提出了更高要求。養護裝備自身的排放要逐步降低，排放不達標的貨運車輛底盤要堅決淘汰，現有燃油動力逐漸向電動化過渡。以新型電力驅動養護裝備為牽引、以修訂和增補公路養護機械與新材料標準為驅動，規范產品系列型號，增加和效率要求，提升產品的性、性和創新性，提升養護機械產品集中度，以改變現有產品量小、面廣、從業企業多、集中度低、部分標準缺失的現狀。

　　The application of circular economy and environmentally friendly recycling technologies and equipment supports the recycling of road materials. The national "14th Five Year Plan" mentions achieving sustainable development through green maintenance projects and the use of materials, and puts forward higher requirements for the energy-saving and environmental protection performance of maintenance equipment. The emissions of maintenance equipment itself should be gradually reduced, and the chassis of freight vehicles that do not meet emission standards should be resolutely eliminated. The existing fuel powered vehicles should gradually transition to electrification. With the new electric driven maintenance equipment as the traction and the revision and supplement of highway maintenance machinery and new material standards as the driving force, standardize product series and models, increase environmental protection and efficiency requirements, improve the progressiveness, leading and innovative nature of products, and improve the concentration of maintenance machinery products, so as to change the current situation of small number of products, wide range, many enterprises, low concentration and lack of some standards.

　　國產化和自主創新 隨著技術積累和市場需求增長，國產養護設備的比重逐漸增加。這不僅增強了國內產業的競爭力，也降低了對進口設備的依賴。政策支持創新研發，加強自主知識產權設備的開發，提升國產設備的市場份額。

　　With the accumulation of technology and the growth of market demand, the proportion of domestically produced maintenance equipment is gradually increasing. This not only enhances the competitiveness of domestic industries, but also reduces dependence on imported equipment. Policy support for innovative research and development, strengthening the development of independent intellectual property equipment, and increasing the market share of domestic equipment.

　　綜合管理 現階段由于公路管養具有分段的特點，每段都需要自備全套公路養護裝備，導致裝備利用率低，綜合管理可統一分配裝備資源，提高裝備利用率。

　　At present, due to the segmented nature of highway management and maintenance, each section requires a complete set of highway maintenance equipment, resulting in low equipment utilization. Comprehensive management can allocate equipment resources uniformly and improve equipment utilization.

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