采用傳統的施工工藝對公路進行養護，不僅增加了廢料外運成本，還會因為處理不當而造成環境污染。而采用廢舊瀝青路面材料再生技術，不僅可以避免廢棄材料堆放對土地的占用和環境的污染，還可以減少對石料、瀝青、水泥的需求，降低筑養路成本。就地冷再生作為一種較為成熟的綠色公路維修改造技術，具有簡化施工工藝、節約材料、縮短工期和降低成本等多個優勢，已經廣泛應用于國內多種道路的維修改造中。

　　Using traditional construction techniques for highway maintenance not only increases the cost of waste transportation, but also causes environmental pollution due to improper handling. Adopting the recycling technology of waste asphalt pavement materials can not only avoid the occupation of land and environmental pollution caused by the stacking of waste materials, but also reduce the demand for stone, asphalt, and cement, and lower the cost of road construction and maintenance. As a mature green road maintenance and renovation technology, on-site cold recycling has multiple advantages such as simplifying construction processes, saving materials, shortening construction periods, and reducing costs. It has been widely used in the maintenance and renovation of various roads in China.

　　目前，國內市場上就地冷再生機(以下簡稱冷再生機)眾多，既有國外知名維特根、寶馬格、卡特彼勒和特雷克斯，又有國內徐工筑路、山東德工等。那么這些的冷再生機使用狀況如何？它們都有哪些優勢和不足？能否與目前的施工工藝完全適應？設備廠商應該如何對其進行改進與提升以適應市場需求？對此我們邀請幾位對此進行探討。

　　At present, there are numerous brands of on-site cold recycling machines (hereinafter referred to as cold recycling machines) in the domestic market, including well-known foreign brands such as Wittgen, BMW, Caterpillar, and Terex, as well as domestic brands such as XCMG Road Construction and Shandong Degong. So what is the usage status of these brands' cold recycling machines? What are their advantages and disadvantages? Can it fully adapt to the current construction technology? How should equipment manufacturers improve and enhance them to meet market demand? We have invited several experts to discuss this matter.

　　瀝青路面再生技術如何分類？目前國內市場上有哪些就地冷再生機？各市場分布狀況怎樣？產品與服務口碑如何？

　　How to classify asphalt pavement recycling technology? What brands of on-site cold recycling machines are currently available in the domestic market? What is the market distribution of each brand? What is the reputation of the product and service?

　　王在林：瀝青路面冷再生技術就是在常溫下將舊瀝青路面破碎，與新集料、新粘結劑等按一定比例拌和成新的混合料，并重新鋪筑于路面的一整套工藝。冷再生技術可分為廠拌冷再生和就地冷再生2種。就地冷再生是通過大型現場再生設備對舊路面進行破碎、添加新粘結劑、拌和、攤鋪的施工工藝。

　　Wang Zailin: The cold recycling technology for asphalt pavement is a complete set of processes that break the old asphalt pavement at room temperature, mix it with new aggregates, new binders, etc. in a certain proportion to form a new mixture, and re pave it on the pavement. Cold recycling technology can be divided into two types: factory mixed cold recycling and on-site cold recycling. On site cold recycling is a construction process that uses large-scale on-site recycling equipment to crush old road surfaces, add new binders, mix, and spread them.

　　1986年，維特根履帶式2000CR型冷再生機誕生，將經濟的冷再生技術引入路面養護行業。1998年，維特根將瀝青路面就地冷再生工藝引入國內，經過10多年在高速公路、省道干線、農村公路和市政道路的成功應用，目前已經成為各等級公路大中修采用的標準維護方案。

　　In 1986, the Wittgen track type 2000CR cold recycling machine was born, introducing economical and environmentally friendly cold recycling technology into the road maintenance industry. In 1998, Wittgen introduced the in-situ cold recycling process of asphalt pavement into China. After more than 10 years of successful application in highways, provincial highways, rural roads, and municipal roads, it has now become a standard maintenance plan adopted for major and medium repairs of various levels of highways.

　　曹軍想：瀝青路面的就地冷再生工藝，按破碎材料可分為瀝青層就地冷再生和全深式就地冷再生。僅對瀝青材料層進行再生的稱為瀝青層就地冷再生。對瀝青層及部分基層進行再生，或是將瀝青層部分或全部移除后對下承層進行再生的稱為全深式就地冷再生。按照添加劑的不同，就地冷再生可分為水泥就地冷再生、泡沫瀝青就地冷再生、乳化瀝青就地冷再生等。

　　Cao Jun thought: The on-site cold recycling process for asphalt pavement can be divided into on-site cold recycling of asphalt layer and full depth on-site cold recycling according to the crushed materials. The process of regenerating only the asphalt material layer is called in-situ cold regeneration of the asphalt layer. The process of regenerating the asphalt layer and some of the base layer, or regenerating the underlying layer after partially or completely removing the asphalt layer, is called full depth in-situ cold regeneration. According to different additives, on-site cold recycling can be divided into cement on-site cold recycling, foam asphalt on-site cold recycling, emulsified asphalt on-site cold recycling, etc.

　　我公司在就地冷再生領域已經有10多年的施工經驗，在多個省市都有過項目。據我們對市場上目前保有設備的感受，維特根冷再生產品的保有量處于優勢。維特根在瀝青路面再生領域有很長的發展史，其再生設備在市場上久經考驗并得到客戶高度認可，是非常成熟的技術和產品。同時在多年的經驗積淀中，根據客戶的反饋還不斷進行技術革新和產品升級。

　　Our company has over 10 years of construction experience in the field of on-site cold recycling, with projects in multiple provinces and cities. Based on our perception of the current equipment in the market, the inventory of Wittgen cold recycling products is in an absolute advantage. Wittgen has a long history of development in the field of asphalt pavement regeneration. Its regeneration equipment has been tested and highly recognized by customers in the market, and is a very mature technology and product. At the same time, based on years of experience accumulation, we continuously carry out technological innovation and product upgrades according to customer feedback.

　　冷再生施工對施工工藝要求較高，工藝設計、施工中的設備操作和質量控制都很重要，設備廠商只有提供真正快速且的支持，才能贏得用戶的口碑。在10多年的設備使用過程中，維特根的服務團隊給我們提供了的技術支撐和快捷的服務響應。

　　Cold recycling construction requires high construction technology, and process design, equipment operation, and quality control during construction are all important. Equipment manufacturers can only win the reputation of users by providing truly fast and professional support. Over the course of more than 10 years of equipment use, Wittgen's service team has provided us with professional technical support and quick service response.

　　顧海榮：就地冷再生機是就地冷再生施工的核心設備，在我國使用的就地冷再生機主流機型有維特根公司的WR2500S、WR250、卡特彼勒公司的RM500、寶馬格公司的MPH600、徐工集團的XLZ250以及山東德工的DGL600等。維特根公司是就地冷再生技術的和，其產品以高可靠性、優異的作業質量和多功能性著稱，且有成熟的就地冷再生施工工藝和遍及全球的眾多成功案例，在市場占有率處于水平。其他公司的產品也有部分銷售，但尚未形成規模。

　　Gu Hairong: The on-site cold recycling machine is the core equipment for on-site cold recycling construction. The mainstream models of on-site cold recycling machines used in China include Wirtgen's WR2500S and WR250, Caterpillar's RM500, BMW's MPH600, XCMG's XLZ250, and Shandong Degong's DGL600. Wittgen Corporation is a leader and promoter of on-site cold recycling technology in China. Its products are known for high reliability, excellent operational quality, and multifunctionality, and have mature on-site cold recycling construction processes and numerous successful cases worldwide. Its market share in China is at an absolute leading level. Other companies' products are also partially sold, but have not yet formed a scale.

　　在產品可靠性、系統配置、作業性能、操控性能、施工效果和應用范圍等方面，國產設備與國外知名有哪些差距？

　　What are the gaps between domestic equipment and well-known foreign brands in terms of product reliability, system configuration, operational performance, handling performance, construction effectiveness, and application scope?

　　顧海榮：國內就地冷再生機與國外知名的差距主要表現在以下2點：一是整機性能有差距。國產就地冷再生機的電控系統、液壓系統元件配套與國外產品在同一技術水平，但控制算法和軟件設計水平落后，由此導致機器操作的靈活性和可靠性較差，非工作時間長，作業效率低。

　　Gu Hairong: The gap between domestic on-site cold recycling machines and well-known foreign brands is mainly reflected in the following two points: first, there is a difference in overall performance. The electronic control system and hydraulic system components of domestically produced on-site cold regeneration machines are at the same technical level as foreign products, but the control algorithm and software design level are outdated, resulting in poor flexibility and reliability of machine operation, long non working hours, and low operational efficiency.

　　維特根、卡特彼勒等知名公司均有自己獨有的轉子和刀具設計制造技術，轉子銑拌阻力小，刀具磨損速度慢且更換方便。國內一些廠家選用凱南麥特轉子和刀具，彌補了自身轉子和刀具設計制造能力的不足，同樣能夠獲得較好的作業性能。部分廠家采用的自行設計的轉子，由于技術尚不成熟而影響了銑拌均勻性和生產率。

　　Well known companies such as Wittgen and Caterpillar have their own unique rotor and tool design and manufacturing technologies. The rotor milling and mixing resistance is low, the tool wear speed is slow, and it is easy to replace. Some domestic manufacturers choose Kennamette rotors and cutting tools to make up for their own shortcomings in rotor and tool design and manufacturing capabilities, and can also achieve good operational performance. Some manufacturers use self-designed rotors, which affect milling uniformity and productivity due to immature technology.

　　國內一般廠家采用液壓缸支撐轉子和轉子室，通過液壓缸伸縮或擺動控制銑拌深度。國外維特根公司就地冷再生機轉子升降，通過4個輪胎支腿液壓缸的升降控制，轉子與就地冷再生機的機身固接在一起，轉子室空間可根據銑拌深度自動調整。這種布置形式具有剛度良好，拌合效率、拌合質量較高，相關磨損較小，且因為沒有相對運動，瀝青、水等輸送管路布置簡單、可靠。

　　Domestic manufacturers generally use hydraulic cylinders to support rotors and rotor chambers, and control milling and mixing depth through hydraulic cylinder expansion or swing. The rotor of the on-site cold regeneration machine of foreign brand Wittgen Company is lifted and lowered through the control of four tire leg hydraulic cylinders. The rotor is fixedly connected to the body of the on-site cold regeneration machine, and the rotor chamber space can be automatically adjusted according to the milling and mixing depth. This arrangement has good rigidity, high mixing efficiency and quality, minimal wear and tear, and because there is no relative motion, the layout of asphalt, water and other conveying pipelines is simple and reliable.

　　目前，就地冷再生機的轉子驅動以傳動效率較高的皮帶傳動和鏈條傳動為主。維特根就地冷再生機轉子傳動系統有多達12個速比可供選擇，可以滿足不同路面的再生需求。寶馬格公司的銑刨轉子采用液壓驅動，轉速可以無級調節，與行走速度匹配，能夠保證再生料級配的穩定。國產設備的研發大多基于中置式路拌機技術，以國外機型為藍本，在參數上力求與國外保持一致，轉子以皮帶驅動為主但速比固定不可調整。部分就地冷再生機轉子采用液壓驅動，但未能實現轉子與行走速度合理匹配。

　　At present, the rotor drive of on-site cold regeneration machines is mainly driven by belt drive and chain drive with high transmission efficiency. The rotor transmission system of the Wittgen on-site cold regeneration machine has up to 12 speed ratios to choose from, which can meet the regeneration needs of different road surfaces. The milling rotor of BMW AG is driven by hydraulic pressure, and the speed can be infinitely adjusted to match the walking speed, ensuring the stability of the gradation of recycled materials. The research and development of domestic equipment is mostly based on the technology of mid mounted road mixers, using advanced foreign models as blueprints, striving to maintain consistency in parameters with foreign ones. The rotor is mainly driven by a belt, but the speed ratio is fixed and cannot be adjusted. Some of the on-site cold regeneration machine rotors are driven by hydraulic pressure, but it has not been possible to achieve a reasonable match between the rotor and the walking speed.

　　維特根就地冷再生機采用4支腿升降的模式，控制銑拌深度及橫坡，方便且精度高。4個支腿升降控制模式與全液壓四輪獨立驅動液壓系統相配合，使得其產品具有更好的附著力，驅動性能出色。相比采用后橋驅動或后橋加前輪驅動的國產就地冷再生機，維特根產品更能充分利用冷再生附著質量，容易發揮牽引力，具有更高的驅動效率。

　　The Wittgen on-site cold recycling machine adopts a four leg lifting mode to control the milling depth and cross slope, which is convenient and highly accurate. The combination of four leg lifting control modes and a fully hydraulic four-wheel independent drive hydraulic system gives the product better adhesion and excellent driving performance. Compared to domestic on-site cold regeneration machines that use rear axle drive or rear axle plus front wheel drive, Wittgen products can better utilize the cold regeneration adhesion quality, easily exert maximum traction, and have higher driving efficiency.

　　二是工況適應廣度不足。國外就地冷再生機型譜較全，適應工況能力更強。以維特根就地冷再生機為例，其銑拌作業寬度范圍為2~4.2m，部分機型帶有銑刨收料功能(用作銑刨機)和攤鋪功能(可對再生料進行攤鋪，不需要平地機進行輔助攤鋪)。所有型號維特根就地冷再生機如WR250能一機兩用，既可以作為冷再生機使用，也可以作為土壤穩定機使用。國產就地冷再生機相對而言，功能和作業寬度均相對單一，帶攤鋪功能的冷再生機目前尚未出現。

　　The second issue is insufficient adaptability to working conditions. Foreign brands have a wider range of on-site cold recycling models and stronger adaptability to working conditions. Taking the Wittgen on-site cold recycling machine as an example, its milling and mixing operation width range is 2~4.2m. Some models have milling and material receiving functions (used as milling machines) and paving functions (can spread recycled materials without the need for a grader for auxiliary paving). All models of Wirtgen on-site cold recycling machines, such as WR250, can be used as both cold recycling machines and soil stabilization machines. Compared to domestic on-site cold recycling machines, their functions and operating widths are relatively single, and cold recycling machines with paving functions have not yet appeared.

　　國外就地冷再生機通常設計有更深的銑刨拌和深度和更快的作業速度，具有更高的生產率，能夠勝任多種公路及城市道路的施工效率要求。在粘結劑噴灑方面，同產就地冷再生機一般只能噴灑乳化瀝青或水泥稀漿。國外就地冷再生機除了能噴灑上述粘結劑外，還可以噴灑性能更好、應用前景更大的泡沫瀝青。

　　Foreign on-site cold recycling machines are usually designed with deeper milling and mixing depths and faster operating speeds, which have higher productivity and can meet the construction efficiency requirements of various highways and urban roads. In terms of adhesive spraying, on-site cold recycling machines produced by the same company can generally only spray emulsified asphalt or cement slurry. In addition to spraying the above binders, foreign cold in place recycling machines can also spray foam asphalt with better performance and greater application prospects.

　　曹軍想：總體來看，進口無論可靠性、作業效率和人性化方面都具有較大優勢，在此僅對我熟悉的維特根產品談一下感受。維特根冷再生機均產自于德同，品質非常好，而且可靠度非常高，這不僅極大提高了設備在應用過程中的流暢性、連續性和施工效率，同時也可以有效縮短了施工周期，降低了施工成本。

　　Cao Jun thought: Overall, imported brands have significant advantages in terms of reliability, operational efficiency, and humanization. Here, I would like to share my feelings about the Wittgen products that I am familiar with. The Wittgen cold recycling machines are all produced in Detong, with excellent quality and high reliability. This not only greatly improves the smoothness, continuity, and construction efficiency of the equipment during application, but also effectively shortens the construction period and reduces construction costs.

　　維特根的核心技術之一是強大的切削技術，體現到就地冷再生設備上自然是表現優異的銑刨與拌和，生產效率自然也毋庸置疑。同時設備不斷升級，動力性良好，在智能化程度上和操控性能上，都有出眾表現。在自動化方面，國產設備應該多學習。

　　One of Wirtgen's core technologies is powerful cutting technology, which is reflected in the excellent milling and mixing performance of on-site cold recycling equipment, and the production efficiency is beyond doubt. At the same time, the equipment is constantly upgrading, with good power performance and outstanding performance in terms of intelligence and handling performance. In terms of automation, domestic equipment should learn more.

　　除此之外，國產設備在產品型譜、功能廣度、人性化和智能化方面也亟待提升。大多數國產就地冷再生機型譜單一，國外進口知名機型較多，如維特根公司有WR2000XL、WR200、WR250、2200CR和WR4200等多種型號可供選擇。還有就是部分國產就地冷再生機的再生功能不全，只能從事粘結劑為水泥、石灰的再生工藝，而不具備粘結劑為乳化瀝青和泡沫瀝青的再生能力。

　　In addition, domestic equipment urgently needs to be improved in terms of product spectrum, functional breadth, humanization, and intelligence. Most domestically produced on-site cold recycling models have a single spectrum, while there are many imported well-known brand models from abroad. For example, Wittgen has multiple models to choose from, such as WR2000XL, WR200, WR250, 2200CR, and WR4200. In addition, some domestic cold in place recycling machines do not have complete recycling function, and can only engage in the recycling process with cement and lime as binders, but do not have the recycling ability with emulsified asphalt and foam asphalt as binders.

　　在人性化設計方面，國產產品考慮的不是很周到，國外知名在這方面做得較為出色。如WR250配裝全視野玻璃窗、諸多可視鏡和攝像頭，可使駕駛員作業時身心愉悅。該產品配有的智能可視倒車輔助系統，便于時刻監視施工進程。符合人機工程學的機手座椅，可以完全根據操作手的不同體型進行調節，確保機手長時間操控機器的舒適。

　　In terms of humanized design, domestic products are not very thoughtful, while well-known foreign brands have done better in this regard. If the WR250 is equipped with full field of view glass windows, numerous visual mirrors, and cameras, it can provide drivers with physical and mental pleasure while working. The product is equipped with an intelligent visual reversing assistance system, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the construction process. The ergonomic operator seat can be fully adjusted according to the different body types of the operator, ensuring comfort for the operator to operate the machine for a long time.

　　就地冷再生工藝有哪些局限性？市場上的冷再生機能否與目前的施工工藝相適應？設備制造廠商應該如何進行改進與提升？

　　What are the limitations of on-site cold recycling process? Can the cold revival in the market be adapted to the current construction technology? How should equipment manufacturers improve and enhance?

　　曹軍想：目前來看，有3種路況不適合采用就地冷再生工藝：一是對要求高的城市道路。對城市道路進行冷再生會引起路面高程變化，由此導致后續相關工藝變得復雜，為此國內外均采用不多。二是彎沉值較大、總體狀況較差的路面。三是已經經過多次維護，材料級配不太穩定的路面。這3種狀況僅是與和設備本身性能有關，其余均是工藝本身局限性造成的。

　　Cao Jun thought: Currently, there are three road conditions that are not suitable for on-site cold recycling technology: the first is urban roads with high environmental requirements. Cold recycling of urban roads can cause changes in road surface elevation, which makes subsequent related processes more complex. Therefore, it is not widely used both domestically and internationally. The second is the road surface with a large deflection value and poor overall condition. The third is the road surface that has undergone multiple maintenance and the material grading is not very stable. These three conditions are only related to environmental protection and the performance of the equipment itself, while the rest are caused by the limitations of the process itself.

　　僅從工況適應性方面來講，國產設備的粘結劑噴灑不盡如人意。部分國產冷再生機采用人工手動調節水、粘結劑等液體添加量，由此導致噴灑量不易控制，影響施工質量。而進口知名像維特根冷再生機采用微機高精度控制水、粘結劑的添加，施工質量較高。無論國內產品還是國外產品，在銑拌過程中不可避免地會產生一定的浮塵問題。建議各主機廠商在確保粘結劑添加精度的基礎上，加大轉子系統密封性能研發力度，進一步降低浮塵對周圍環境的影響。

　　From the perspective of adaptability to working conditions alone, the adhesive spraying of domestic brand equipment is not satisfactory. Some domestic cold recycling machines use manual adjustment of the amount of liquid added such as water and binder, which makes it difficult to control the spraying amount and affects the construction quality. And well-known imported brands such as Wittgen cold recycling machines use high-precision microcomputer control of water and binder addition, resulting in higher construction quality. Whether domestic or foreign products, there will inevitably be some floating dust problems during the milling and mixing process. It is recommended that all host manufacturers increase their research and development efforts on the sealing performance of rotor systems while ensuring the accuracy of adhesive addition, in order to further reduce the impact of floating dust on the surrounding environment.

　　顧海榮：根據我國現行的瀝青路面再生技術規范，就地冷再生施工速度以4~10m/nin為宜。就地冷再生機作業時銑拌功率消耗較大，其實際施工速度遠低于工作速度。若按照規范的速度進行施工，將造成就地冷再生機液壓系統效率低下，作業穩定性和銑拌均勻性下降。為此建議設備制造廠商應根據規范要求，合理配置就地冷再生機行走液壓系統參數，以保證規范工作速度范圍內的作業穩定性。

　　Gu Hairong: According to the current technical specifications for asphalt pavement recycling in China, the on-site cold recycling construction speed should be 4-10m/nin. The milling and mixing power consumption of the on-site cold recycling machine is relatively high, and its actual construction speed is much lower than the recommended working speed. If the construction is carried out at the recommended speed according to the specifications, it will result in low efficiency of the hydraulic system of the on-site cold recycling machine, and a decrease in operational stability and milling uniformity. Therefore, it is recommended that equipment manufacturers should reasonably configure the parameters of the hydraulic system for the on-site cold regeneration machine according to the specifications, in order to ensure the stability of the operation within the recommended working speed range.

　　就地冷再生在國內主要用于全厚度再生，再生料也主要用于基層。這雖然解決了舊瀝青混合料的再利用問題，但并沒有真正實現舊瀝青混合料再生和利用。銑刨轉子轉速固定與功率自適應控制下的行走速度無級調節，會在一定程度上破壞再生料級配，造成石料的過度破碎，使再生基層的承載能力降低。

　　In situ cold recycling is mainly used for full thickness recycling in China, and recycled materials are also mainly used for the base layer. Although this solves the problem of reusing old asphalt mixtures, it does not truly achieve the regeneration and efficient utilization of old asphalt mixtures. The stepless adjustment of walking speed under fixed milling rotor speed and power adaptive control will to some extent damage the grading of recycled materials, causing excessive crushing of stone materials and reducing the bearing capacity of the recycled base layer.

　　因此，設備廠商應從合理匹配發動力動力、銑刨轉子轉速與行走速度等角度出發，盡可能減少對石料的破碎，從而提高再生基層的常在能力，降低新石料的添加量。

　　Therefore, equipment manufacturers should start from the perspective of reasonable matching of power generation, milling rotor speed, and walking speed, in order to minimize the crushing of stone materials as much as possible, thereby improving the permanent capacity of the regenerated base layer and reducing the amount of new stone materials added.

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